Cytokines are proteins used by immune cells to communicate with one another and with cells in their environment. The pleiotropic effects of cytokine networks are determined by which cells express specific cytokines and their corresponding receptors, with downstream outcomes varying depending on cell type and environmental cues. Certain cytokines, such as interferon (IFN)-γ, have been clearly linked to anti-tumor immunity, whereas others, including innate inflammatory cytokines, can promote oncogenesis. Although we have a sophisticated understanding of cytokine networks, therapeutically targeting cytokine pathways in cancer remains challenging. However, major advances in protein engineering and computational protein design offer unprecedented opportunities to reimagine cytokine-based therapies. We are investigating synthetically designed cytokines with improved stability, specificity, and biological activity for the treatment of cancer.

See manuscripts in Cancer Cell(2025)